What is a septic system? How does it work?

A septic system is an underground disposal system that accepts all of the effluent (waste) from your home and disposes of it in a very simple way.

Normally a concrete septic tank is installed (although in some areas you might have a need for plastic) to accept the waste from your home. One side of the tank receives the solid material and the other takes the liquids. This is done by a simple baffle installed between the two compartments.

As the liquid rises it finds the outlet side of the tank and flows into a distribution box. The distribution box is installed level, and as the liquid rises it finds the leach field pipes and flows evenly to the leaching fields.

The leaching fields can me as simple as beds of gravel with leach pipe placed over the gravel bed, or underground chamber systems. The water flows down the leaching pipes and drips into the gravel beds (normally 3 ft in depth, depending on the water table in your area).

While you will have to check with your local Department of Environmental Quality (or other such name), this is the basic idea of a septic system.

If you would like to take a photo tour of an actual septic installation, please visit http://www.tucsonseptics.com/septic_Installation.html

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Proper Care and Feeding of a Septic System

How your septic system works and how to maintain it.

By Bruce Lunsford, Able Home Inspections Naples, Fort Myers, Cape Coral, Marco Island Florida

For an illustrated version of this article please visit my web site.

As a home inspector located in SW Florida, I deal regularly with septic systems. I can say without a doubt that at least 90% of homeowners have no idea how to care for septic systems. It is very rare for me to have a client that has even a basic understanding of how this critical system works, let alone how to maintain it. As a result of this lack of understanding thousands of systems needlessly fail every year. Basically a septic system is the preferred method for disposing of sewage when there is no city sewage hookup available.

As the title suggests a septic system is a common living breathing component of homes and as such, it has special needs. It is the only system that depends on live microorganisms to function properly. If properly designed and maintained, it is nearly a perfect system with little environmental impact. Unlike public sanitation, it does not require the dumping of millions of gallons of tainted water into public waterways. It cleans your waste water so effectively that it eventually returns to the water table where it is available for use again, as pure as the day it was originally pumped out.

Before we discuss how to care for this critical and expensive system, let’s talk about how it works.

HOW IT WORKS

A typical septic system has 2 basic components and the pipes that interconnect them. Although there are many minor variations on these, most installed systems are pretty much the same, and the all work on the same principal. When there are variations in design, the primary reasons are poor soil permeability, limited space and high water tables.

The Septic Tank

The septic tank is the first stop in this private sewage treatment system. It is responsible for collecting and digesting the solid material in the drain lines, then sending the liquid (called effluent) out to the next component, the drainfield. It is absolutely critical that the solid materials do not leave the tank and enter the drainfield. Common residential sizes of the tank are in the 1,500 to 2,000 gallon range with the actual size determined by the number of bedrooms. The tank has a series of baffles or compartments that ensure the solids settle to the bottom and the floating scum layer stays on top of the water. Over time bacteria and other microorganisms digest the materials and reduce their bulk. The effluent then moves out to the Drainfield / Absorption Field.

Drainfield / Absorption Field

The drainfield rests on top of the absorption field and is little more than lengths of pipes with holes in them. The effluent enters these pipes and leaks out into the absorption field. The absorption field is simply a bed of effluent specially designed to allow the effluent to drain through it. The most common materials are gravel and sand. The size of the field is determined by the number of bedrooms in the home and the permeability of the soil. The soil provides filtration for the effluent and hosts additional bacteria and microorganisms that further clean the effluent. While a small amount of the effluent evaporates or is absorbed by plants, most of it eventually returns to the water table.

How to Care for Your System

Rule #1. Nothing goes down the drains that doesn’t have to, especially if it isn’t readily biodegradable. Sanitary napkins, washing out paint brushes, dumping mop water, and scraping partially eaten food into the disposal etc. should be avoided. I even recommend using paper towels to remove grease from pans prior to washing them. If you have to have a garbage disposal, use it sparingly. Things like grease and egg shells should never be put down the disposal because they don’t easily break down. Starting an outdoor compost pile is always a great way to get rid of those organic items you wisely don’t put into your septic system.

Rule #2. DO NOT use additives in your system. There are numerous additives available at hardware stores that claim to keep your system clean. I don’t want to get into brand names, but you’ve seen the commercials on TV. “Simply add our product to your system once a month and keep it trouble free.” This has been a source of controversy for some time, so the Federal Department of Health actually did a study on this and came to the conclusion that they most likely do no good, and are more likely to cause harm. If you wish to read the study, follow this link. http://www.doh.wa.gov/EHP/ts/WW/Septic-Additives-SFQ-Wint2002.pdf I won’t bore you with the details of the study. I will however tell you that using these additives are absolutely not a substitute for proper routine maintenance.

Rule #3. This is the most important of all. Have your tank pumped out every 3 to 5 years, depending on age, size and usage. This is absolutely critical. Although the bacteria does a wonderful job of reducing your solid wastes, it cannot completely eliminate it. If the tank is not periodically pumped, this sludge eventually builds up high enough that it is forced to enter the drainfield. When that happens, you ruin the drainfield and you’re looking at a new system which commonly costs in the $3,000 to $5,000 range. If you take nothing else away from this article, please remember to have your system pumped out every 3 to 5 years! If you do this, your system should last decades instead of years. If everything is done perfectly, your system could theoretically last indefinitely.

Rule #4. Keep trees out of the system. Tree roots can destroy the system so keep a healthy distance between trees and other large plants and your septic system.

The last bit of advice I can give is to be sure and get your septic system thoroughly inspected prior to purchasing your home. The last thing you want is to move in and find out a few weeks later that you have no operational sewage system. Imagine the inconvenience of not being able to flush your toilets or take a shower for a few weeks while a new system is installed. Not to mention the privilege of paying thousands of dollars for the new septic system, then getting to replace the sod in your yard.

Following these simple guidelines will help ensure you have a septic system that gives decades of trouble free service.

Copywrite notice: This article is free to use as long as a link back is provided to the author.

Note: Bruce Lunsford has over 25 years of experience in inspecting, engineering and construction. Bruce has performed over 8,000 inspections to date and is a certified member of ASHI and FABI, the highest certifications available to inspectors. For additional information please visit his web page www.ableinspector.com

About the Author

Bruce Lunsford is a full time home inspector located in SW Florida. Bruce has over 27 years of combined construction experience and can be reached through his web site at www.ableinspector.com Home Inspections Naples, Fort Myers, Cape Coral, Marco Island Florida

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Usually, a septic tank is made of fiberglass, polyethylene and concrete. Back then, redwood and steel were also used as material for septic tanks. But regulatory groups started to go against the use of steel and redwood so they now are not that the most widely used material for septic tanks.

For places that are can not be easily accessed by delivery trucks of concrete tanks, fiberglass septic tanks, which are lighter are more often used. Also, if a fiberglass septic tank has a good thick coating of resin, it will be more durable compared to concrete. This is because that thick resin can?t be easily degraded by the gases that the waste will produce.

So if your area can?t be accessed by delivery trucks, how do you look for the best fiberglass septic tank?

Considering the Size

To come up with an informed decision on what size of fiberglass septic tank will suit your needs, check the local regulations first regarding this matter. Then, consider the number of bathrooms in your house. Normally, a 1000-gallon septic tank will do well for a house with two bedrooms. For houses with three or four bedrooms, a 1,500-gallon septic tank will do.

One or Two Compartments?

There are two kinds of septic tanks depending on number of compartments ? one-compartment and two-compartment. Two-compartment septic tanks are more advised since they make it a lot easier to make solids settle.

Buying a House with a Septic Tank?

Getting a professional septic tank inspector will help you best in knowing whether the home you are about to acquire has a septic system that will be able to handle what you need it to handle.

Durability Check

One great way to see if the manufacturer swears true that the fiberglass septic tank he is selling is of great structural strength, check its warranty offer. Now if it is offering a 50-year warranty, Bingo! Also, look for additional materials that improve the durability of a fiberglass septic tank. FRP or fiberglass-reinforced polyester is one sample of these additives.

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Honey is a strong anti-inflammatory agent that prevents infections and reduces the existing ones when applied on problem or sensitive skin type.

It also has antibacterial properties if used for preparation of body scrub recipes that cleanse the body and leave it bacteria free.

When combined with coconut oil, it serves as a great base for a hydrating mask after which the skin feels moist and nourished.

Pumpkin honey mask

Ingredients

4 tablepoons of peeled pumpkin
4 teaspoons of corn flour
2 teaspoons of aloe vera gel
2 teaspoons of mashed pineapple
1 teaspoon of green tea
? teaspoon of sunflower oil

Preparation



Prepare green tea and let it rest a bit. While that is cooling down, combine pineapple, honey, pumpkin, and aloe gel. Add to that sunflower oil and then green tea. Mix well.

Apply the mix on the face and neck and leave on for 15-20 minutes. Rinse off with warm water and pad dry. This amount is enough for 4 applications. Keep it in a glass jar, tightly closed and refrigerated. It is not to be used after 2 weeks.

Japanese face mask

Ingredients

100 gr of honey
100 gr of flour
A bit of milk

Preparation

Combine flour and honey, and gradually add milk. Add enough milk to make the mass creamy. Apply on the face and let it rest for 20 minutes. Rinse off with warm water (or cooled chamomile tea).

Hawaii face mask

Ingredients

? of ripe papaya
? cup of fresh pinapple
2 teaspoons of honey
2 teaspoons of green tea.

Preparation

Put green tea in boiling water and let it rest a bit. Peel the papaya and remove the seeds. Mix papaya and peeled pineapple in a blender or food processor until the mass is consistent. Pour everything in a bowl and add honey and green tea.

Apply the mask on clean face (you could use a facial steam to remove impurities). Apply the mask on the face and leave it on for 15 minutes. Rinse the face with warm water and pat dry.

This mask can be used within a week, simply keep it in a glass jar, tightly closed and refrigerated.

Honey glycerin mask

Ingredients

1 teaspoon of glycerin (alternatively, use 3 teaspoons of Vodka but do not add water)
1 teaspoon of honey
2 teaspoons of water.
1 teaspoon of wheat flour.

Preparation

Combine all the ingredients and apply it in a thin layer on the face. Leave it on for 20 to 25 minutes. This mask is to be used 2 times a week. It is recommended for dry and normal skin type.

Oily skin honey parsley mask

Ingredients

4 teaspoon of honey
? of a cup of chopped parsley. Combine the two and apply on the face. This recipe yields one application.

Antiaging honey mask

Ingredients

1 egg yolk
1 teaspoon of honey
1 teaspoon of glycerin or vegetable oil.

Combine all the ingredients and apply on the face. It should stay on the face for at least 30 minutes, the longer the better. Rinse off with warm water.

Relaxing honey mask

Ingredients

1 tablespoon of honey
2 tablespoons of sour cream
Oatmeal or wheat

Preparation

Combine honey and sour cream. Add oatmeal or wheat until the mass thickens. Apply it on the face and neck and leave on for 15 minutes. Rinse off with warm water.

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When building a new house a connection to the sewer system is sometimes a problem, many home owners are left with a hard decision, and many choose to use a septic system, these septic tanks are reliable and efficient, but there are some things that you must remember and always practice if you have a septic tank, otherwise you might have problems with your system.

Proper landscaping

When constructing your septic system, make sure that the soil absorption area is far from rainwater drainage or downspouts. Make sure that it is not underneath your garage and areas where you will put heavy equipment. Divert the water coming from other means away from the septic tank drainfield. Do not construct your septic system near a tree or areas where soil erosion can easily occur. Roots from the trees can get through and damage your septic tank.

Dispose chemicals and other liquid materials properly

Gasoline, paint thinners, motor oil, varnish, and other chemicals that contain active substances can ruin your septic tank walls and can cause hazard to groundwater as well. Make sure you dispose them properly and away from your septic tank system. Also, grease can easily clog in your septic tank so make sure you steer away from disposing them in your toilet.

Differentiate the toilet from garbage cans.

Cigarette butts and filters facial tissues, paper towels, coffee grounds, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, tampons, cat litter, and other solid waste must be disposed in your garbage bins and not on your toilet. They clog to your septic tank easily.

Proper maintenance

Builders would suggest constructing a septic system with 1,000-gallon capacity for a family of 4. This would last from 3 to 5 years of full time use before you notice that it is getting filled up. When it does, there are professional wastewater treating system services to help you pump out solids on your septic tank.

If there are damages to your tank, do not attempt to open it yourself. Do not enter your septic tank as well. There are bacteria and gases in your tank that can be fatal. Call a professional to make the necessary repairs.

Never use chemical or biological solutions in place of septic tank pumping system.

Upgrade your septic system, like your roof, doors, cabinets, driveway, ceilings, and furnace, your septic tank will need to get an upgrade and possibly a replacement in due time. Do not hesitate to do this. Advances in the latest system will tremendously improve your wastewater disposal system.

Taking proper care of your septic tank and regular maintenance of the septic system will result in a reliable system, one that is not so much different than any sewer system.

About the Author

Septic tanks and Septic systems are used in places that dont have a direct access to the sewer system, learn more about Fiberglass Septic Tanks at http://septictank.advice-tips.com

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Proper landscaping is one crucial element in the upkeep of the septic system. When constructing your septic tank, make sure that the soil absorption area is far from rainwater drainage or downspouts. Make sure that it is not underneath your garage and areas where you will put heavy equipment. Divert the water coming from other means away from the septic tank drainfield. Do not construct your septic tank near a tree or areas where soil erosion can easily occur. Roots from the trees can get through and damage your septic tank.

Dispose chemicals and other liquid materials properly, this is one key reason for failure of septic system, many septic tanks have failed because of lack of attention to the materials disposed in it. Gasoline, paint thinners, motor oil, varnish, and other chemicals that contain active substances can ruin your septic tank walls and can cause hazard to groundwater as well. Make sure you dispose them properly and away from your septic tank system. Also, grease can easily clog in your septic tank so make sure you steer away from disposing them in your toilet.

Differentiate the toilet from garbage cans always, if you own a septic tank you know that you will need to take care with all your garbage and waste, even if it means that you will need to inform any visitor in your house about it. Cigarette butts and filters facial tissues, paper towels, coffee grounds, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, tampons, cat litter, and other solid waste must be disposed in your garbage bins and not on your toilet. They clog to your septic tank easily.

Cleaning products are also a potential problem, heavy duty cleaners sometimes do their work all too well and cause other problems, you should make sure that your cleaning product is safe to use and that it may kill significant bacteria but can prolong the decomposition of solid waste. Use them properly.

Do not flush left over foods

Left over foods can decompose in time when flushed to your septic tank, food left at the drainage can nonetheless clog your drainage and cause serious trouble. Keep your leftovers on separate disposal container. This will extent the service of your septic tank.

Conserve water

Lowering your water consumption can help maintain a proper-functioning septic tank. Use your dishwasher only if it is full; reduce your water level when washing small amount of laundry; use aerators or flow reducer nozzles to conserve water, check for water leaks on your faucet and repair if necessary; and use a displacer to reduce the amount of water flushed on your toilet.

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What is it that makes one person move heaven and earth to live their dream of starting a business and someone else who seems determined stay an employee?

One woman?s story?

In 1976 a motor home rolled into a small town outside a major North American city. The driver was a woman in her late 40?s, a single parent, traveling with her youngest son. She left everything else behind on the Prairies. The motor home was their home and transportation on their trek west.

There was never any question that she would work for anyone else. The business she had experience in, the manufacture of concrete septic tanks, was not something she wanted to pursue in her new life.

One of the first things she had to ask herself was, ?Do I start a new business and wait for cash flow to start happening or do I buy an existing business??

Starting a new business meant deciding on a concept, finding a location and negotiating a lease. Then the real work would start in the build out and buying furniture/fixtures for the location.

Buying an existing business would provide immediate cash flow, however a business owner often has a vastly different opinion of the value of the business than the prospective purchaser has. It would also take money up front.

A little thing like having no money didn?t stop this determined woman. With diligent research she found a business that had been for sale for awhile. The vendor was anxious to move on. She traded her motor home for his ladies wear store without even doing inventory because she could see the first thing that needed to happen was a Big Clearance Sale.

The women?s fashion industry is one of the toughest businesses to survive in and very unforgiving of purchasing errors. A few mistakes in buying can quickly wipe out any possible profit. The years that spring, summer, or winter don?t arrive when expected, or don?t arrive at all can leave one with a store full of clothing and a bank account empty of cash for the subsequent seasons buying. And she had no experience, just her eye for fashion.

There were a lot of ups and downs, especially during buying season when she traveled, suitcase in tow, sometimes getting off a plane in Toronto in the morning, spending the morning quickly making decisions on what and how many of each to buy, in which sizes and then getting on another plane to fly to Montreal and/or New York and begin the whole process again.

She persevered. There was no other option but to succeed. And she thrived. Her talent for buying led her to become the fashion leader in the much larger metropolitan area near her small municipality. The store was a destination and she became a local legend.

One day when she and I were out driving through a retail area, she stopped and suggested I go in and look at a store. The owner started chatting with me and I said I couldn?t stay that Ella was waiting for me in the car, the owner asked, ? The Ella??. A true sign of a legend!

Business Startup Tips for Entrepreneurs

Start with the intention to create a viable business.

Always be gracious but determined.

Remember failure is not an option.

Get involved in the community, donate to charity events, put on events, mentor others in areas related to your business.

Join the area merchants association and other professional associations.

Look for businesses/people you can collaborate with so you will both be stronger. Don’t consider anyone in the same business a rival.

Lobby City Hall or any other organization that can make changes that will help your business and your customers.

Make things happen, don’t wait for them to happen.

When you make a mistake don’t dwell on it, figure out how to get beyond it.

Fine tune the target market and product marketing based on facts gleaned from systems set up to handle the businesses growth.

30 years have passed and she is still going strong. There have been occasional trips to designer shows in Paris and Milan; Toronto, Montreal and New York remain dependable sources. Her vision has not wavered. Her eye for fashion and her knowledge of her customers is in harmony and it shows in the results.

Copyright ? 2006 Nancy Fraser, Nota Bene Consulting, All rights reserved

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Well, the process occurring inside a septic tank is not that far from your digestive system. Digestion is basically the decomposition of wastes done by bacteria in an environment where air is absent. In a septic tank setting, gases are also produced in the breakdown of solids. However, these gases are further utilized to stir the foul matters inside instead of being burped out.

A functional septic tank will be able to turn the dregs of solid wastes into liquid form. Nevertheless, similar to your digestive tract, a septic tank encounters several problems as more and more sludge and scum materials are–for want of a better term –deposited. The following materials are some potential clicking time bombs that can eventually wear your septic tank down.

Oil And Grease

Too much dumping of oils and greases into the household or industrial draining system can eventually fill up the brim of the septic tank with hard and rubbery sludge that can block the drains. Oils and grease are very hard to breakdown and can give off unbearable stench over time.

Non-Biodegradable Materials

Generally, non-biodegradable materials will quickly and almost automatically choke your septic tank. There have been countless cases of clogs in houses and apartments caused by sanitary napkins, cotton products, and even condoms.

Kitchen Sink Grinders

Grinders attached to the kitchen sink drainage system can do more harm than benefits. Unsupervised usage of grinders can result to overload of the drain system and unavoidable clogging.

Unwanted Chemicals

Some chemicals can damage the septic tank system. Pesticides, solvents, even bleaches and paints can rapidly cause drainage blockage as the oil contents in these chemicals can form into solid mass of sludge that can be difficult for the septic tank system to disintegrate. Besides, most chemicals can kill the useful bacteria that promote solid waste disintegration inside the septic tank.

Nature’s Touch

Nature itself may have a hand in damaging your septic tank. Roots from trees and shrubs, especially those planted right above the septic tank, can creep into the tank and result to breach in the septic tank walls.

Fortunately, for these potential septic problems you have one dependable solution that can counter the ill effects of a malfunctioning septic tank system. A septic tank cleaner is a confection that greatly improves the efficiency of the septic tank. Septic tank cleaners can help you avoid pumping up your drainage to get rid of the clogs.

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Mobile septage dewatering systems, originally developed in Europe, are now available in the United States. Withthese systems, septage is pulled from the septic tank into one compartment on the truck; filtrate is returned to the septic tank. Polymer or lime is added to the septage during transfer to a dewatering tank, where solids are concentrated. A sludge solids content of 15 to 20 percent is reportedly achievable for polymer and lime systems, respectively Mobile dewatering systems offer: Lower transportation costs due to fewer trips to the disposal site, greater truck capacity, lower volumes of material requiring further treatment and disposal. These advantages are best suited to areas with many septic tanks and long travel distances to the discharge site. Disadvantages include more complex operational requirements and high equipment investment costs.

After the septic tank has been located and the access hatches exposed, the inlet and outlet baffles or tees are examined for such problems as damage, loose connections, and plugging. Broken pipes or baffles should be replaced or repaired. If the liquid level in the tank is higher than the outlet pipe, this may indicate clogging in the outlet pipe or in the drainfield. Next, the scum mat is manually broken up to facilitate pumping. Before this is done, the liquid level in the septic tank first is lowered below the invert of the outlet, which prevents grease and scum from being washed into the drainfield. After the scum mat is broken up, the contents of the tank are removed. Normally, the vacuum/suction hose draws air at a point where 1 to 2 in. (2.5 to 5 cm) of sludge remains over the tank bottom; this materialshould be left in the tank. Washing down the inside of the tank is unnecessary unless leakage is suspected and the inside must be inspected for cracks, If internal inspection is warranted, fresh air should be continuously blown into the tank for at least 10 min.

Displace toxic gases or oxygen-deficient air. The interior can then be inspected from the surface with a flashlight. A septic tank should never be entered without first testing the air for oxygen content, lower explosive limit, and hydrogen sulfide. This is accomplished using electronic ?triple gas detectors,? available from suppliers of industrial safety equipment. Septic tanks are considered confined spaces and are subject to confined-space entry regulations published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA Standard 1910.146). Anyone entering a septic tank should wear a safety harness connected to an aboveground hoist. Two additional workers should be topside to assist the inspector in the event of problems. Your state or local agency responsible for occupational health and safety should be contacted regarding any additional regulations regarding confined-space entry in their jurisdiction. In the event of a spill, septage should be immediately cleaned up. Hydrated lime should be sprinkled over the area of the spill, and a squeegee and a suction wand attached to the end of the vacuum hose are useful tools for cleanup. For large spills, a second pumper truck may be necessary; companies with one truck should reach an agreement with another company to assist in emergency spill cleanup.

Addition of any chemical or biochemical agents to the septic tank, such as disinfectants, microorganisms, and enzymes, is discouraged. Such formulations offer little or no benefit and may even be detrimental to the operation of the septic tank and drainfield. For instance, agents that emulsify grease allow its discharge to the soil absorption system, where the emulsion may break at the soil infiltrative surface and cause increased rates of clogging or pass through the soil to ground water. Other agents are formulated of strong alkaline compounds that can pass through a tank and destroy soil structure. The most detrimental formulations contain chlorinated hydrocarbons, which can pass through the tank and soil to contaminate ground water. Fortunately, many commercial products do little to affect performance of either tanks or soil systems. Although no known benefits have been demonstrated to date, the possibility of an effective formulation in the future cannot be ruled out.

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A typical septic tank is water tight and divided into two semi-compartments (chambers), usually built in brick or stone and latterly concrete. Fiberglass, steel or plastic tanks are also available. A well-designed and maintained tank system should last around 50 years.

The chambers of the septic tank have two pipes, the input pipe (from the dwelling) and the output pipe (to the leach field). In the septic tank, solid parts such as soap scum or fat in the untreated wastewater float to the top of the tank to form a scum layer, and heavier solids (primarily feces) sink to the bottom of the tank as sludge. Anaerobic bacteria in the tank help the system to digest sludge. The remaining liquids stream out of the tank to the leach field. Baffles installed at the inlet and outlet of the septic tanks, hold back the floating scum from moving past the outlet of the chamber.

Among the various septic tanks available, spherical septic tanks are most popular because these systems can be made quickly, delivered rapidly to site, and placed in the ground easily.

Septic tank systems that are not functioning properly cause serious environmental and human health problems. Various laws have been passed to help prevent the problems the septic tanks can cause. It is essential to verify that the septic tank one installs in one?s property is in keeping with the legal requirements. Even though the septic tank is out of sight, it should not be out of mind.

Fish Tanks provides detailed information on Tanks, Fish Tanks, Dunk Tanks, Septic Tanks and more. Fish Tanks is affiliated with Tankless Electric Water Heaters.

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